اطلاعات پایه ای در مورد عناصر گروه اول اصلی
Name: Hydrogen
Symbol: H
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Mass: 1.00794 amu
Melting Point: -259.14 °C (14.009985 K, -434.45203 °F)
Boiling Point: -252.87 °C (20.280005 K, -423.166 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 1
Number of Neutrons: 0
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 0.08988 g/cm3
Color: colorless
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
H-1 | Stable |
H-2 | Stable |
H-3 | 12.3 years |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1766
Discoverer: Henry Cavendish
Name Origin: From the Greek words hudôr (water) and gennan (generate)
Uses: Balloons, metal refining
Obtained From: mines, oil, gas wells
Name: Lithium
Symbol: Li
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Mass: 6.941 amu
Melting Point: 180.54 °C (453.69 K, 356.972 °F)
Boiling Point: 1347.0 °C (1620.15 K, 2456.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 3
Number of Neutrons: 4
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.53 g/cm3
Color: silvery
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
Li-6 | Stable |
Li-7 | Stable |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1817
Discoverer: Johann Arfvedson
Name Origin: From the Greek word lithos (stone)
Uses: batteries, ceramics, lubricants
Obtained From: passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride, spodumene
Name: Sodium
Symbol: Na
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 22.98977 amu
Melting Point: 97.72 °C (370.87 K, 207.9 °F)
Boiling Point: 883 °C (1156 K, 1621 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 11
Number of Neutrons: 12
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.971 g/cm3
Color: silvery
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
Na-22 | 2.6 years |
Na-23 | Stable |
Na-24 | 14.96 hours |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1807
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: soda (Na2CO3)
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word natrium (sodium)
Uses: medicine, agriculture
Obtained From: table salts and other foods
Name: Potassium
Symbol: K
Atomic Number: 19
Atomic Mass: 39.0983 amu
Melting Point: 63.65 °C (336.8 K, 146.57 °F)
Boiling Point: 774.0 °C (1047.15 K, 1425.2 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 19
Number of Neutrons: 20
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.862 g/cm3
Color: silvery
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
K-39 | Stable |
K-40 | 1.28E9 years |
K-41 | Stable |
K-42 | 12.4 hours |
K-43 | 22.3 hours |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1807
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: potash
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word kalium
Uses: glass, soap
Obtained From: minerals (carnallite)
Name: Rubidium
Symbol: Rb
Atomic Number: 37
Atomic Mass: 85.4678 amu
Melting Point: 38.89 °C (312.04 K, 102.002 °F)
Boiling Point: 688.0 °C (961.15 K, 1270.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 37
Number of Neutrons: 48
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.532 g/cm3
Color: silver
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
Rb-81 | 4.57 hours |
Rb-82 | 2.25 minutes |
Rb-83 | 86.2 days |
Rb-84 | 32.9 days |
Rb-85 | Stable |
Rb-86 | 18.65 days |
Rb-87 | 4.8E10 years |
Rb-88 | 17.7 minutes |
Rb-89 | 15.44 minutes |
Rb-90 | 2.6 minutes |
Rb-90m | 4.3 minutes |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1861
Discoverer: R. Bunsen
Name Origin: From the Latin word rubidus (red)
Uses: catalyst, photocells
Obtained From: lithium production
Name: Cesium
Symbol: Cs
Atomic Number: 55
Atomic Mass: 132.90546 amu
Melting Point: 28.5 °C (301.65 K, 83.3 °F)
Boiling Point: 678.4 °C (951.55005 K, 1253.12 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 55
Number of Neutrons: 78
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.873 g/cm3
Color: silver
British Spelling: Caesium
IUPAC Spelling: Caesium
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
Cs-126 | 1.6 minutes |
Cs-129 | 1.3 days |
Cs-131 | 9.7 days |
Cs-132 | 6.4 days |
Cs-133 | Stable |
Cs-134 | 2.1 years |
Cs-134m | 2.9 hours |
Cs-135 | 2300000.0 years |
Cs-136 | 13.2 days |
Cs-137 | 30.2 years |
Cs-138 | 32.2 minutes |
Cs-139 | 9.3 minutes |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1860
Discoverer: Fustov Kirchoff
Name Origin: From the Latin word caesius (sky blue)
Uses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes
Obtained From: pollucite, lepidolite
Name: Francium
Symbol: Fr
Atomic Number: 87
Atomic Mass: (223.0) amu
Melting Point: 27.0 °C (300.15 K, 80.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 677.0 °C (950.15 K, 1250.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 87
Number of Neutrons: 136
Classification: Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: Unknown
Color: Unknown
Atomic Structure
|
Isotopes
Isotope | Half Life |
Fr-212 | 20.0 minutes |
Fr-221 | 4.8 minutes |
Fr-222 | 14.3 minutes |
Fr-223 | 21.8 minutes |
Facts
Date of Discovery: 1939
Discoverer: Marguerite Perey
Name Origin: After France
Uses: No uses known
Obtained From: decay of actinium