شیمی کَده

آموزش شیمی و علوم

شیمی کَده

آموزش شیمی و علوم

شیمی کَده

تمام مطالب این وب تقدیم به روح آسمانی پدرم که یادش پرچم صلحیست به وقت شورش دلتنگی...

بایگانی

Name: Hydrogen
Symbol: H
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Mass: 1.00794 amu
Melting Point: -259.14 °C (14.009985 K, -434.45203 °F)
Boiling Point: -252.87 °C (20.280005 K, -423.166 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 1
Number of Neutrons: 0
Classification: Non-metal

Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 0.08988 g/cm3
Color: colorless

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Hydrogen]  


Number of Energy Levels: 1

 

  1. First Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
H-1 Stable
H-2 Stable
H-3 12.3 years

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1766
Discoverer: Henry Cavendish
Name Origin: From the Greek words hudôr (water) and gennan (generate)
Uses: Balloons, metal refining
Obtained From: mines, oil, gas wells


Name: Lithium
Symbol: Li
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Mass: 6.941 amu
Melting Point: 180.54 °C (453.69 K, 356.972 °F)
Boiling Point: 1347.0 °C (1620.15 K, 2456.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 3
Number of Neutrons: 4
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.53 g/cm3
Color: silvery

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Lithium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 2

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
Li-6 Stable
Li-7 Stable

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1817
Discoverer: Johann Arfvedson
Name Origin: From the Greek word lithos (stone)
Uses: batteries, ceramics, lubricants
Obtained From: passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride, spodumene


Name: Sodium
Symbol: Na
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 22.98977 amu
Melting Point: 97.72 °C (370.87 K, 207.9 °F)
Boiling Point: 883 °C (1156 K, 1621 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 11
Number of Neutrons: 12
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.971 g/cm3
Color: silvery

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Sodium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 3

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 8
    Third Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
Na-22 2.6 years
Na-23 Stable
Na-24 14.96 hours

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1807
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: soda (Na2CO3)
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word natrium (sodium)
Uses: medicine, agriculture
Obtained From: table salts and other foods


Name: Potassium
Symbol: K
Atomic Number: 19
Atomic Mass: 39.0983 amu
Melting Point: 63.65 °C (336.8 K, 146.57 °F)
Boiling Point: 774.0 °C (1047.15 K, 1425.2 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 19
Number of Neutrons: 20
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.862 g/cm3
Color: silvery

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Potassium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 4

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 8
    Third Energy Level: 8
    Fourth Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
K-39 Stable
K-40 1.28E9 years
K-41 Stable
K-42 12.4 hours
K-43 22.3 hours

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1807
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: potash
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word kalium
Uses: glass, soap
Obtained From: minerals (carnallite)


Name: Rubidium
Symbol: Rb
Atomic Number: 37
Atomic Mass: 85.4678 amu
Melting Point: 38.89 °C (312.04 K, 102.002 °F)
Boiling Point: 688.0 °C (961.15 K, 1270.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 37
Number of Neutrons: 48
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.532 g/cm3
Color: silver

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Rubidium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 5

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 8
    Third Energy Level: 18
    Fourth Energy Level: 8
    Fifth Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
Rb-81 4.57 hours
Rb-82 2.25 minutes
Rb-83 86.2 days
Rb-84 32.9 days
Rb-85 Stable
Rb-86 18.65 days
Rb-87 4.8E10 years
Rb-88 17.7 minutes
Rb-89 15.44 minutes
Rb-90 2.6 minutes
Rb-90m 4.3 minutes

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1861
Discoverer: R. Bunsen
Name Origin: From the Latin word rubidus (red)
Uses: catalyst, photocells
Obtained From: lithium production


Name: Cesium
Symbol: Cs
Atomic Number: 55
Atomic Mass: 132.90546 amu
Melting Point: 28.5 °C (301.65 K, 83.3 °F)
Boiling Point: 678.4 °C (951.55005 K, 1253.12 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 55
Number of Neutrons: 78
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.873 g/cm3
Color: silver
British Spelling: Caesium
IUPAC Spelling: Caesium

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Cesium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 6

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 8
    Third Energy Level: 18
    Fourth Energy Level: 18
    Fifth Energy Level: 8
    Sixth Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
Cs-126 1.6 minutes
Cs-129 1.3 days
Cs-131 9.7 days
Cs-132 6.4 days
Cs-133 Stable
Cs-134 2.1 years
Cs-134m 2.9 hours
Cs-135 2300000.0 years
Cs-136 13.2 days
Cs-137 30.2 years
Cs-138 32.2 minutes
Cs-139 9.3 minutes

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1860
Discoverer: Fustov Kirchoff
Name Origin: From the Latin word caesius (sky blue)
Uses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes
Obtained From: pollucite, lepidolite


Name: Francium
Symbol: Fr
Atomic Number: 87
Atomic Mass: (223.0) amu
Melting Point: 27.0 °C (300.15 K, 80.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 677.0 °C (950.15 K, 1250.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 87
Number of Neutrons: 136
Classification: Alkali Metal

Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: Unknown
Color: Unknown

 

 

Atomic Structure

[Bohr Model of Francium]  


Number of Energy Levels: 7

 

  1. First Energy Level: 2
    Second Energy Level: 8
    Third Energy Level: 18
    Fourth Energy Level: 32
    Fifth Energy Level: 18
    Sixth Energy Level: 8
    Seventh Energy Level: 1

 

Isotopes

Isotope Half Life
Fr-212 20.0 minutes
Fr-221 4.8 minutes
Fr-222 14.3 minutes
Fr-223 21.8 minutes

 

Facts


Date of Discovery: 1939
Discoverer: Marguerite Perey
Name Origin: After France
Uses: No uses known
Obtained From: decay of actinium

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